Dry skin affects thousands of Americans. It is a pathologic dryness of the skin when the water content drops below 10%. Dry skin causes the outer layer of skin to become brittle and crack. When this happens irritants and bacteria can penetrate more easily, which results in inflammation and even infection setting in.

Both occupational and environmental factors can be the source of dry skin. Occupational factors mostly affect the hands or parts of the body directly involved in occupational activities. Environmental factors can involve taking long, hot showers, using excessive amounts of soap during bathing, not consuming adequate amounts of water, allowing the loss of water from the skin, and increasing the rate of moisture loss. Symptoms of dry skin can include itching, loss of flexibility, fissures, inflammation, roughness and scaling. Therefore, the goals of treating dry skin include: relieving the discomfort, re-establishing a proper state of hydration, and modifying the microenvironment of the skin to minimize water loss.

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